I completely forgot that Atlas was a Titan, thanks so much for bringing him up!
Surely Atlas would still be alive, or else Hercules’ Labor of the golden apples went very differently.
This may also tie back into something that’s been nagging me since I put together my little What we know/What we don’t know post a ways up, but we don’t know if Cronus harvested the Essence from Rhea.
On the one hand, the Olympians are said to only have a minuscule (actual wording!) amount of Essence to them, which sounds as though Rhea and Cronus didn’t pass on that much from them, yet the Titans were only the second generation of gods, one would assume they had a ton of Essence to spare.
So I was wondering if Cronus didn’t also take the Essence from himself and Rhea? The text doesn’t say anything about him doing such a thing, but the minuscule comment really stuck out to me.
Now I’m wondering if Cronus really killed alll the Titans to get their Essence, or if he only killed the ones who refused to hand it over? If so…that means that the Essence can be extracted from a being without killing them.
That’s a huge fucking deal guys!
That would mean that Aeson would definitely survive the Transfer without turning into some weird eldritch being (maybe). It would also put the final nail in the coffin to my “Bestower = stop gap” theory, but Atlas and Aeson (and possibly Rhea and Cronus) surviving would also serve as an example that the Bearer could potentially survive having the Essence extracted from them! Perhaps during the climax? 
Regardless, we would also do well to try and figure out if Cronus can even take 100% of a being’s Essence, or if it’s more like 99.9999%.
It seems to me that taking a being’s Essence, especially a being whose existence is sourced entirely through the Essence, taking 100% of their Essence would be akin to killing them. But say Cronus didn’t want to kill Rhea, so he tested on Atlas to see if there was a way to take almost all a being’s Essence but not kill them, and that’s why Atlas is still powerful but capable of being punished by the Olympians who probably have as much Essence in all of them as he does. Then, maybe Cronus took the majority of the Essence from Rhea (possibly even himself) and voila. It explains why the Olympians have such tiny amounts of Essence, and how Rhea survived, and potentially how Atlas survived.
And again, not to always bring it back to Aeson and the Bearer, but holy crap, once more it would more or less guarantee Aeson’s survival post-Transfer but still leave him with a tiny speck of Essence with which to survive, something that may end up happening to the Bearer…because of reasons??
consider this spit balled because my fingers are tired, lol