There are a few times where it’s mentioned that there are tons of races that we don’t even learn that much about so I can only summarize the ones I met in game that were specified. It can also be a bit vague so it’s not always clear who’s more advanced in one area.
We all have spaceships, terraforming (presumably, the Solar System is wholly inhabited), and laser weaponry. There are only a couple of exceptions. There is also genetic engineering and hybridization.
Humans just developed FTL travel. I think before then travel was sunlight but fast enough to get between us and the other playable races. It may also be that the others didn’t feel like sharing. We also have AI well past the Turing Test, and robotics advanced enough that various synths inhabit SOL. We also have verry good cybernetics.
The Linnerians are a roach-like people known for being excellent builders. They’ve been setting up colonies for a while, so I imagine they’re a bit ahead of us.
The Reticulans are the gray aliens with flying saucers. Their vat-growth tech is also good enough that they don’t need a natural reproductive method. They’re said to have tech beyond the other races that they’re cagey about sharing, but idk the details.
I don’t know much about the Aurellians since their psionics got a lot more focus and that’s more of a natural talent. We do know that they can melt icy celestial bodies into water to inhabit, like they did with Europa. I think they’re looked at kind of looked up to culturally by other races so they could have a bit of an edge.
Orroks are a diasporic race with no home world (not sure why). They have whatever tech is available to whoever colonized the system they live in.
Synths vary widely in levels of advancement as well since they exist alongside their creators. Ours are still made of metal and plastic and other such components but you have your varieties of scifi robots. You can basically imagine any type. Maybe you’re a human-like android like Penny from RWBY, maybe your Robbie the Robot, it’s up to you. Kyle is the most advanced, being a synth made by an unknown (not sure if you can find out) but advanced race and is made of a black metal that possesses some organic properties and can formshift and stuff. We just sort of found them adrift in space.
The Suvarians are kind of like the Utrom from Ninja turtles. They have humanoid robot bodies to drive and some pretty advanced firepower.
There’s also a race of rock-shelled people you can meet and that you get to name (their own term is unpronounceable) on a Suvarian staging ground world where they’re building their fleet. After they leave all their factories and shit behind to invade (because their leader is a dumbass), they took it and it let them skip directly to Suvarian level tech. After they join the DSF, I assume they can have whatever tech we have as well.
There’s also the light people who are an AI race (different from synths). They go from simple programs to advanced enough to make an actual digital universe that’s still real.
There’s a few other species that we only encounter once or twice:
You encounter two races in the blood of Khraal that are only seen once to my knowledge. Bird people and a strange, cloaked challenger. We know they have energy weapons and interstellar travel but that’s it.
Another single planet species is pre-interstellar and in the midst of an apocalypse you can prevent.
One race created really advanced AI but never left their planet.