Not if your reconciliation is a public one…but Calea is going to be intent on keeping any help she gives you a secret, which could benefit your reputation as well as hers.
I expect so, yes.
Definitely.
They think the level of terror required to prop up the institution as it stands is unsustainable. They would prefer a lottery system for Harrowing, with voluntary substitutions possible, and a shift from chattel sale of helots to letting them be wage labor, either on the farms or in the cities. They’d support a child-harrowing-by-lot scheme too, if they learned how the mechanics work.
I do have kind of a theme going on here.
Mad King Hector will definitely be a possible late game antagonist. I won’t answer whether Reconciled Cousin Hector is an alternative possibility.
The universe emanated from Xthonos’s self-contemplation, beginning with Angels and vibrating on down to matter and Xaos. Most people think of that as a process that took some time, that there was a lengthy period when Xthonos was all in all and nothing else existed. Some theologians speculate that time is something that only came into existence as a lower emanation, so many of the higher emanations would on that account be co-eternal with Xthonos-- but eternally ontologically dependent on It, not equal in substance.
I think it should be, yes – a charter setting out rights and responsibilities, formally limiting the sovereign’s powers. But we’d still be at early-experiment stage, more Magna Carta than Glorious Revolution.
Well, I’ll have to, won’t I? 
At a minimum, a chance in Vigil for those who didn’t get the chance in the village/nomad section.
And ADAT the Carles and Olynna prologues had their first public outing:
Choice of Rebels Part 1 WIP thread - #517 by Havenstone