When you say “first set of bullet points” do you mean the reasons the chart is bad? I’m not exactly sure what all you’re confused about, but if you’d like to point out things I can try to explain them.
If you want a simple way to describe who you like, I’d go with romantic and sexual orientation - while aesthetic and sensual attraction are useful for exploring your identity and how you’re attracted to people, I don’t really feel like it’s something you need to share. As far as I know, it originated in the ace community, which makes sense because there needed to be a way to describe the attractions that were indeed felt, since sexual attraction was not one of them. They’re also useful to understand that while you may experience attraction in X way, another person might not experience those same things. The use of labels is another debated topic, but ultimately they are a quick way to relate your experiences to another person and can help people feel valid in their identity (since if the label exists, there must be enough other people feeling the same as them to make it somewhat normal), and as I noted I just included the most common things; there are many other prefixes I’ve seen and at least a few other orientation types I’ve seen, but unless you feel the more common terms can’t describe you well enough to quickly relate your feelings I don’t think there’s a need to use those more specific terms outside of the context of discussions on orientation/attraction.
The chart is simple, but as I said it would also be simple to use romantic and sexual orientation: rather than a combination of six letters and seven numbers, this is a combination of two base words and for most people the eight prefixes I listed (allo- and mono- are mainly used in discussing the experiences of those not allo- or mono-), which covers most of the same things the chart does without its problems, and I’d argue it’s easier to remember, too.
As I said, many people assume that sexual=aesthetic=sensual attraction, even those that don’t also conflate romantic attraction with those other types, and this can lead to a variety of problems, like for example if an ace person expresses (appearance based) attraction toward someone, often times people will respond along the lines of “I thought you were ace”, so it’s important to understand there’s a difference, though again, I wouldn’t say aesthetic and sensual orientations are important to share. It’s importance to acknowledge that if you have orientation selection based on appearance, many aces might not select the no attraction option because of these other attractions.
The truth about the difference between sexual and sensual is that people will draw the line at different actions, for example making out may be seen as either (or both). In terms of sensual attraction, it could manifest in a number of ways but the most common are probably the desire to cuddle and/or kiss. It could include the same sort of touching that a sexually interested character might do, excluding groping or similar probably though. For the most part describing non-sexual, visual-based attraction it shouldn’t be that different from when sexual attraction is included, just exclude explicitly sexual things like arousal or words like “lustfully” or that sort of thing. In terms of how ‘fast’ a person would become interested in a RO’s personality, that depends on the person, but this is probably something you should be addressing either way, since relationships are based on more than just appearance. In terms of showing non appearance based attraction, I don’t know how easy to show this OR describe this - it would probably be sufficient to show that two characters care for each other, and let the reader fill in any blanks. Any attachment the reader forms to a character will be in the reader’s mind, so you shouldn’t need to really show OR describe it beyond what you might normally show. I think this would need to be explored more if you want to show it, but at the moment I don’t have a good answer.
I think the thing you’re touching on in your second to last paragraph is debate on realism (e.g. fixed orientations and genders for characters) and giving the reader a good experience (e.g. everyone’s bi/pan and ROs flip gender to match the reader’s orientation). I would agree that if an author decides they want to write these very fixed characters, some may want sex, though if so the reader should still not be forced to choose between the romantic option, sex, and other non-romantic options - whether they make or break the relationship, non-sexual options that acknowledge the desire for romance of the player are necessary. However, even in stories with very fixed characters I would argue that it would be simple to just not include sex in the story at all and avoid having to deal with this, because as I said there are many other ways to show intimacy. What type of characters the author decides to write and how, as well as what types of relationships the author decides to write are ultimately the author’s decision, but I would like for them to at the very at least acknowledge the potential for a non-sexual romantic relationship, even if, due to the characters the author is writing, it falls apart.
(If I can clarify anything please let me know, I wrote both my previous post and this post having not gotten much sleep the night before, and my brain does not work as well on low sleep.)