I really ought to have asked my question here so we could’ve had a back-and-forth about it. I confess, I was the one who asked the question on your Tumblr about historical counterparts from our world and I’m chuffed about your response. This will be a little messy so bear with me.
Between the naming conventions and descriptions, playing through the demo definitely reminded me of Moorish architecture and the synthesis between European styles and what we might consider more exotic, along the lines of Ottoman, Persian, Mesopotamian et al. I reckon the Dolmabahçe Palace and Livadia Palace, though a bit modern, also demonstrate that strange, eclectic mix of styles very well. I know you didn’t take to Game of Thrones but they did a similar thing when choosing locations to depict the Water Gardens in Dorne, and a quick Google gives me the Alcázar of Seville.
I have to admit, my brain skimmed over the operative ‘disciples’ part when reading about religion in Madara and so I jumped immediately to, as you mentioned, pantheism. I’d no idea that cherubs had four faces. Ariel made me think of lamassu and indeed symbolism in the Ancient World. On cherubs and imagery, It’s pretty interesting, although maybe not unsurprising given the proximity, how it’s all quite loosely related. Babylon, the Ishtar gate, bulls, oxen. I don’t know if you’ve seen it but Oliver Stone’s Alexander from 2004 had great set design for Babylon and Darius’ palace. You can tell I don’t know much about this, that I’m spouting words. But mentioning Alexander actually segues nicely into my last point about Orientalism and more specifically fashion…
With Consort Harim, it comes across as very sumptuous. I liked the scene with Ganent too! No idea if this will help you or whether you have time but if you scroll down a little, there’s a nice section about Orientalism in Russia during the Napoleonic Wars: Top 5 Costume Inaccuracies – and Accuracies – in War & Peace –
And then at the top, under Articles by Era, you’ll obviously find links to movies/shows. Re: historicity, who knows? More importantly, it has images. 
God, I love history but I suppose the point of this entire response was to say I think you’ve done a great job at depicting the world in TC and I really, really like it. So much so, it’s my new obsession in Sims sans political intrigue and murder. 